Grammar Summary Alphabet Sentence Indefinite Article definite Article Singular & Plural irregular Plural Days , Month & Seasons Coordinates Numbers Masculine & Feminine Numbers Numerical Order Usage of Numbers with nouns Nouns Masculine & Feminine Nouns Compound Nouns Different Forms of Coptic Words Subject Pronouns Separate Subject Pronouns Prefix Subject Pronouns Verbs in Coptic Language Phonetic Changes in Verbs Tenses in Coptic Language Verb to be in Coptic Verb to Have in Coptic Verb to Have as Owe , in debit there is , there are verb to do Present Simple Simple Past articles indicating past tense Future Tense Changes in Pronouns in Future Writing a sentence in Coptic Place of Subject in sentence Different Usage of μ , ν difference between adjective & Pronoun demonstrative adjectives demonstrative Pronouns Possessive adjectives Possessive Pronouns irregular possessive Complement Pronoun Present Continuous Past Continuous Future Continuous , Gerund Gerund Negation of noun & Verb Negation of Past Simple infinitive Negation of infinitive imperative prohibition Present of repetition Negation of present of repetition future of certainity Negation of Future of certainity Present of questions or narration Future of Questions & Narration imperfect Past using να +v. +πε Passive past tense using νε Past Perfect Second Past Perfect Past of repetition Conditional mode Present Conditional mode Past Conditional Mode Subjunctive Reflexive verbs Phrasal Verbs Verbs without subject Making Questions Adjective Adjectives Masculine & Feminine Place of Adjective Past Participle as adjective Special use of adjective Comparison Adverb If Conditional First Case of - If Conditional Second Case of - If Conditional Third Case of - If Conditional Mixed Case of - If Conditional Conjunction Affermative Apposition Preposition Complements Complement of Place Complement of Time Complement of Mode Complement of Comparison Complement of Price & Measure Complement of Companionship Complement of Tools Complement of Cause Complement of Contradiction Complement of Goal Relative Clause


أسامة ثابت


Lesson 82
درس 82

If Clause – second conditional – improbable present
 جملة لو ، الشرط ، مواقف غير محتملة في المضارع


Second conditional

الحالة الثانية من جملة الشرط

Nature: unreal (impossible) or improbable situations.

الطبيعة: مواقف غير واقعية (مستحيلة) أو غير محتملة.

Time: present; the TENSE is past, but we are talking about the present, now.

الوقت: يعبر عن الوقت الحالي ، الحاضر، ولكن الزمن المستخدم هو الماضي ، لكننا نتحدث عن الحاضر ، الآن



usage of past tense to indicate unreal present

استخدام الماضي للدلالة على أمر لم يحدث في المضارع

Past tense + Ϣαν + verb + past tense

αι

ϣαν

ϫος

`μ

φαι

ϫε

I, past

if

said

to

this

"to"

أنا

لو

كنت قلت

لـ

هذا

"أن"

μαϣενακ

ϣαϥ

ϣεναϥ

go "you"

he would have

gone "he"

يمشي

فهو

يمشي




Usage of past tense

استخدام زمن الماضي

εϣωπ + pronoun + ϣαν + verb →  future tense

لو"إشوب" + ضمير + "شان" + فعل ، زمن مستقبل

εϣωπ

αυ

ϣαν

ωλι

`μ

πι

if

passive

Voice

past

second part of condition structure

Taken

 from

indicator of

 complement

the

لو

مبني

للمجهول

  ، ماضي

الجزء الثاني من صيغة الشرط

كان رفع

أداة مفعول

ال

πατϣελετ

Εβολ

ϩαρωου

τοτε

ευε

ερνηςτευιν

bridegroom

From

 them

then

they

will

fast

عريس

عنهم

حينئذ

هم سوف

يصومون




εϣωπ

αι

`ϣτεμ

ϣεν

ηι

if

I, past

not

go

"me"

إن

أنا ، ماضي

لم

أذهب

"أنا"

`ϥ

να

ι

αν

ϩαρωτεν

he

will

come

not

to you

هو

سوف

يأتي

لا

لكم

`νϫε

πι

παρακλητος

namely

the

comforter

أي

ال

معزي




ιςϫε

αρετεν

κωϯ

`νςωι

χα

if

you, past

seek

for me

let

لو

أنتم ، ماضي

تطلبون

ــني

أتركوا

ναι

εβολ

μαρ

ου

ϣεν

ωου

those

away

let

them

go

"them"

هؤلاء

بعيدا

ليت

هم

يذهبون

"هم"







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